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The Ogiek
people have a long history of resistance and struggle that has
sustained their unity, identity and cultural distinction. Lately
however, more than at any other time in their history, the very
existence of the Ogiek as a distinct people has come under concerted
threat: excision of large chunks of land from their forest homes
and settlement of purported squatters thereon.
Background
to the Ogiek case
The documents
below provide more information about the Ogiek's history and struggle
to maintain their heritage.
The
Ogiek: The Guardians of the Forest
By Ron Nomi - Seattle Preparatory High
School - African Studies (December 13, 2004) Natural resources
play an important role in the shaping of a culture or the survival
of a society. The relationship between man and
his dependency on the environment has been a major cause of
conflicts throughout the history of the world. The Mau Forest, an
ecological haven in Kenya, is an example of such conflict. The Mau
supports an abundance of diverse plant and animal life as well as
one of the last indigenous forest dwellers, the Ogiek. The Ogiek,
commonly referred to as the “caretakers” (Sang, 2002, p.3) of
the forest, have existed for centuries in a peaceful (Obare &
Wangwe, 1998) and symbiotic relationship with their homeland. This
union instills a feeling of a true religion for these people.
Discussion
on Intellectual Property Rights
(07.May 2004) DO
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN
HERBAL MEDICINE BELONG TO THE PASTROLISTS OR HUNTER-GATHERER
GROUPS? - I THINK IT SHOULD BELONG TO THE HUNTER - GATHERERS
AS IT RELATES TO TREES-THEIR NATURAL FRIENDS...WHAT ABOUT YOU?
Hunters-Gatherers
The earliest ancestors of man may well have originated
in what is now East Africa, as far back as five - perhaps even eight million years ago, taking into
consideration the recent findings of the “Tugen Man” in Kenya. Most of this pre-history of mankind is
contained in bones and stones, in middens (dunghills or rubbish heaps) and museums, in scholarly theories and
painstaking excavations. The history of our ancestors continues to live in present peoples and
cultures.
Hunter
- gatherer time
excerpt from LIVINGTIME:
The
Euro-American image of time is a machine, a factory assembly line
chucking out identical hours, each unremarked and
indistinguishable. Worse than that, it has insisted that its time
is the time, and that indigenous peoples all over the world lack a
‘proper’ sense of time. It is not a lack. Rather they have
cultivated a far more subtle and sensitive relationship to time
and timing.
OGIEK
LANGUAGE
OKIEK [OKI] A few speakers out of an ethnic group of 20,000 in
Kenya (1980 Heine and Möhlig). On East Mau Escarpment,
Nakuru District, Rift Valley Province.
Ogiek
language -
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Invite
Wanjiku to the Constitutional Talks
Original by Rose K. Owino - One very important delegate was
missing when delegates to Kenya’s National Constitutional
Conference met for the first and the second sittings at the Bomas'
talks. Her name is Wanjiku. The fictional woman created to
represent the average Kenyan was never offerred an opportunity to
take a seat in the hearts and minds of each delegate during
deliberations. As tempers soured and emotions flared on issues as
diverse as the creation of the post of prime minister, the kadhis
courts and land - not to forget the demands for allowances -
Wanjiku was relegated to spectator status while recommendations
were made to a constitution created in her name.
THE
DRAFT CONSTITUTION OF KENYA 2004 - ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL
CONSTITUTIONAL CONFERENCE ON 15TH MARCH 2004 - ( PDF )
Our
Perspective on WHAT is ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE?
To Aboriginal peoples, native to the land they live in since time
immemorial, the term "environmental justice" goes beyond
the issue of disproportionate toxic and nuclear contamination and
health exposure of our elders, men, women, youth, children and our
traditional food web. ... ff
Kenya
- what is that ?
Kenya got it's name from Mt. Kenya. But Mt. Kenya's original name
is Kirinyaga in the predominat Kikuyu language spoken along the
slopes. The Europeans, however, approached the mountain from the
side where the Meru community lived and lives, who could not
pronounce the name Kirinyaga properly. They said Kiinya, the
result with the Whites was "Kenya".
Statement
by the Ogiek People National Assembly (OPNA) on the Mau Forest
Complex
Background on the Ogiek, facts about the Ogiek's case, and the
Ogiek's demands.
IN
THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT NAIROBI -
CIVIL?CASE
NO 238 OF 1999
- THE
GREEN SMOKESCREEN RULING OF KENYA -
The following copy of the judgement contains all text including the specific way to spell words as contained in the original text.
- An injunction to halt the immediately applicable eviction order was granted for 14 days
thereafter. Within that time - finally - the request for an application to appeal against this High Court judgement was considered to be heard as a matter of urgency and the possibility to appeal was granted together with a further halt of the eviction order until the Court of Appeal (the very last possibility in Kenya's legal system) will
decide. The appeal has been filed despite several attempts from the political front to intimidate and frustrate the plaintiffs and their
supporters.
THE
CASE FOR THE RECOGNITION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF KENYA’S
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES - MEMORANDUM TO:CONSTITUTION OF KENYA
REVIEW COMMISSION - PREPARED BY: THE PASTORALISTS &
HUNTER-GATHERERS ETHNIC MINORITY NETWORK
PRESENTED ON MONDAY 15TH JULY 2002, NAIROBI
Underlying
Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Kenya
Kenya’s forests are rapidly
declining due to pressure from increased population and other land
uses. With B of the country being arid and semi-arid, there is a
lot of strain on the rest of the land since the economy is natural
resource based.
The
Ogiek: The Ongoing Destruction of a Minority Tribe in Kenya
A 74-page in-depth report on the Ogiek, written by John Kamau
of Rights Features Service.
See also: In
Defence of a Minority Tribe Fighting for Survival
A book review, African Church Information Service, 3 July 2001-
Nairobi - Title: The Ogiek - The on-Going Destruction of a
Minority Tribe in Kenya; Author: John Kamau - Publisher: Rights
News and Features Service (Publishing Division), 2001 - Volume: 74
pp
Photographer
accompanies Ogiek into Mau forest Nov./Dec. 2004
Copyright Geert van Kesteren
Please see all the slides: http://www.speaking4earth.com/showphotos.php?AlbumID=7
See
the Ogiek
story by Oneworld TV . ( full site link ! )
The
Okiek of Kenya (PDF)
N.B.: In earlier
literature you will find different ways to write the name of the
Ogiek (e.g. Okiek), but this question has been resolved by the
Ogiek themselves.
Ogiek
never had a problem with elephants or other wildlife
While the Ogiek never had a problem
with elephants or other wildlife species, but since times
immemoriable were the guardians of the magnificent forest
biodiversity of the Mau and Elgon forests, the invading
agriculturalists not only cut the forests, but also soon
encountered problems with the elephants.
GE
Forest Trees – The Ultimate Threat
Genetically modified (GM) forest trees do not attract the same
immediate health concerns as GM food crops. But in reality, they
pose an even greater threat than GM crops because they impact
directly on natural forests that are essential for the survival of
our planet.
Ethnoforestry
The effectiveness of traditional forest management practices has often been overlooked by the scientific community. This edition of The Overstory by special guest author Deep Narayan Pandey of the Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, India introduces the importance and application of
ethnoforestry.
Who
is indigenous in Africa?
Indigenous
Africans are mostly from hunting and gathering societies or from
nomadic herding peoples (cattle, sheep and camel herders). Still
today Africa has the largest number of peoples living as
hunter-gatherers or herders.
Environmental Colonialism: “Saving” Africa from Africans
Under the banner of saving the African environment, Africans in the last half century have been subjected to colonialism from an overlooked source: the conservation
movement. Local populations have been displaced and impoverished in order to create national parks and to serve other conservation
objectives, in large part because Western conservationists misunderstand African wildlife management practices and
problems.
Ogiek and Sengwer
officially recognized as indigenous peoples of Kenya
(15. March 2007) The Government of Kenya has entered into a loan
agreement with the World Bank and therein recognizes that the
Sengwer and the Ogiek are Indigenous Peoples. With this document
the Kenya Government actually undertakes to rehabilitate
previously displaced forest communities. This is a binding
agreement that will be useful if the two communities use it to
pressure the Government to restore land rights. Please find the
whole report below ...
Our World is NOT for SALE
GATS, the General Agreement on Trade in Services is an international deal to open up economies to competition from foreign firms. It was signed in 1994 by the members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the predecessor to the World Trade Organisation.
Kenya's
Castaways: The Ogiek and National Development Processes
The Ogiek, who number around 20,000, are arguably the largest
hunter-gatherer community in Kenya. They have identified
themselves as an indigenous people, as defined in Article 1(b) of
International Labour Organization Convention No. 169,1 and the
United Nations (UN) and the African Commission on Human and
Peoples' Rights have recognized them as such.
DECLARATION OF THE PEOPLE'S MOVEMENTS - MUMBAI 2004
We, the people's movements representing workers, peasants and agricultural workers, women, Dalits and Adivasis, indigenous peoples, fisher peoples, urban poor, the physically and mentally handicapped and other sectors of the poor and oppressed, have again come together in Mumbai from 16-20 January 2004 for the People's Movements Encounters Part II.
THE
INTERNATIONAL CANCUN DECLARATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
5th WTO Ministerial Conference - Cancun, Quintana Roo,
Mexico, 12 September 2003 - We, the international representatives
of Indigenous Peoples gathered here during the 5th WTO
Ministerial Conference in Cancun, Mexico from 10-14 September 2003
wish to extend our thanks to the Indigenous Peoples of Mexico,
particularly the Mayan Indigenous Peoples of Quintana Roo, for
welcoming us.
INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES KYOTO WATER DECLARATION
Third World Water Forum, Kyoto, Japan,
March 2003
DATA COLLECTION AND DISAGGREGATION FOR
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
- UNITED NATIONS - Economic and Social Council - Distr. GENERAL
- E/CN.19/2004/ - January 2004 - PERMANENT FORUM ON INDIGENOUS ISSUES
- Workshop on Data Collection and Disaggregation for Indigenous Peoples
- New York,19 – 21 January 2004
UNITED NATIONS - COMMISION ON HUMAN
RIGHTS
- PREVENTION OF DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION OF INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES - 8 August 2002 - E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/24 - ( PDF )
UNITED
NATIONS - Economic and Social Council
- Distr. GENERAL - E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2002/6 - 8 May 2002 -
COMMISION ON HUMAN RIGHTS - Voluntary Fund for Indigenous
Populations - Note by Secretariat - ( PDF )
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLES
Whereas the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (jointly referred to as the
International Bill of Human Rights) are universal and should be universally respected and implemented
...
Declaration of the African NGO
Forum
Dakar (Senegal), 20th
– 21st January 2001 - We, African NGOs, as well as
African and other international civil society organizations,
meeting in Dakar during the period (20th and 21st
January 2001) for the preparation of the World Conference against
Racism, Racial Discrimination, xenophobia and Related Intolerance,
to be held in South Africa in accordance with UN General Assembly
Resolution 52/111 ...
International
Alliance Charter
(Established Penang, Malaysia, 15 Feb 1992)
- (Revised Nairobi, Kenya, 22 Nov 2002)
Article 1. - We, the indigenous and tribal peoples of the
tropical-forests, present this charter as a response to hundreds
of years of continual encroachment and colonisation of our
territories and the undermining of our lives, livelihoods and
cultures caused by the destruction of the forests that our
survival depends on. ...
Convention
concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries
(ILO No. 169), 72 ILO Official Bull. 59, entered into force Sept.
5, 1991 The General Conference of the International
Labour Organisation, Having been convened at Geneva by the
Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met
in its seventy-sixth session on 7 June 1989, and Noting the
international standards contained in the Indigenous and Tribal
Populations Convention and Recommendation, 1957...
Convention
on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import,
Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property - 17 Nov 70
Entry in force: 24 April 1972. - The General Conference of the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,
meeting in Paris from 12 October to 14 November 1970, at its
sixteenth session...
PROTECTION
OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN TIME OF WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH
by JAMES A. R. NAFZIGER - James Nafziger is the Thomas B. Stoel
Professor of Law and Director of International Programs,
Willamette University College of Law. He chairs the Committee on
Cultural Heritage Law of the International Law Association (ILA)
and serves as President of the ILA's American Branch. He is also a
member of IFAR's Law Advisory Council.
Indigenous
Peoples’ Declaration PDF
Indigenous Preparatory Meeting - 16-17 JUNE, 2002 -
International Association Centre- Brussels, Belgium
Indigenous
peoples' rights and development
This conclusion of the Carter Land Commission6 (1932-8) gives
a picture of what the Ogiek have undergone over the years. The
Commission recommended that the Ogiek be allocated land near
communities with whom they had affinity, to enable assimilation.
However, the Ogiek wanted development on their own terms.
According to Kaliasoi Chesimet, an Ogiek elder in Tinet: 'The
newcomers came and … cut down the forest for tea and flower
farms… the Ogiek should be allowed to elect their own leaders
and choose their own way of life on their land.'
AFRICAN
'INDIGENOUS PEOPLES' SEARCHING FOR A FUTURE
Archive 1993 - 'Indigenous
Peoples' from all corners of the African continent have met for
the first time to take stock of their situation and organise for
their future.
ABORIGINAL
LAND RIGHTS - looking over the fence to Australia
The Indigenous spending drip - Land rights - the new debate we had
to have - Crikey Daily - Tuesday, 12 April - Political
correspondent Christian Kerr writes: “Indigenous
communities have suffered from misplaced idealism,” Jenness
Warren, a workplace English language and literacy tutor for the
Laynhapuy Homeland Association Inc in the Northern Territory,
wrote in a Financial Review (see below).
Forest Dwellers - issues
July 2008 - Forest Dwellers Presentation to the PMF on the
strategic issues of the Forests of Kenya - - Many Kenyan
indigenous peoples and rural communities especially forest
dwellers, have experienced discrimination and rights violations
through national development policy incoherence. The incoherence
has led to policies that have undermined traditional livelihoods
hence aggravating poverty.
WHO OWNS THE LAND? - BLOOD AND
SOIL ISSUES IN THE KENYAN RIFT VALLEY
Wednesday June 25, 2008 - The passion
with which millions of citizens valued their presidential vote in
the stolen 2007 presidential elections can be reflected in scenes
of the bloody post-election clashes today that engulfed Rift
Valley, Nyanza, Coast, Nairobi, Western and to a less extent in
other parts of the country. Nakuru was the latest epicentre of
inter ethnic murders. The violent reactions to rigged elections
may reflect the pain of deep and historically rooted injustices
some of which pre-date Kenya’s independence in 1963.
Indigenous
issues, Special rapporteur - Kenya
Thematic Reports - Mechanisms of the Commission on Human Rights
What
ails Kenya's policy on wildlife?
Policy Insight (October, 1998 - Vol. 1 No. 2) ACTS Policy Insights
series deals with topical issues concerning climate change,
biodiversity, governance and other aspects of the environment as
they emerge. Insights is an occasional publication, and the
opinions expressed in it belong to the authors.
Land
Rights Movements PDF
Professor Daniel W. Bromley - University of Wisconsin-Madison ---
Indigenous peoples in territories subjected to European conquest
dating from the late 15th century onward have managed to focus
national and international attention on their subjugation and
dispossession. These various movements, primarily concentrated in
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South America, and the United
States, began in different places at different times over the past
several decades.
HUNTER-GATHERER
STUDIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT PDF
Anthropological and behavioral ecological studies of living
hunter-gatherers have .ourished since the 1960’s. Researchers
have developed and followed a variety of paradigms, each with its
own assumptions and objectives, based on the behavior of
huntergatherer communities. I argue here that in order to evaluate
the validity of the use of a speci.c hunter-gatherer group for
particular paradigmatic purposes, details of the historical and
social context of the group are needed. The use of an
inappropriate group, as determined by its context, can call into
question the conclusions of a study.
The
Dorobo Peoples of Kenya and Tanzania
A people profile by
Orville Boyd Jenkins - August 1996 - The
"Dorobo" are not one tribe. Rather, the term
Dorobo referred to the original forest-dwelling hunters in the
Rift Valley of what is now Kenya and Tanzania. These peoples
live in scattered groups in the plains of the Rift Valley and the
forests of the neighboring escarpments.
A
Challenge to Conservationists PDF
Excerpted from the November/December 2004 WORLDWATCH magazine -
Copyright 2004 Worldwatch Institute - www.worldwatch.org
A
Challenge to Conservationists: Phase II PDF
FROM READERS - Excerpted from the January/February 2005 WORLD
WATCH magazine - Copyright 2004 Worldwatch Institute - www.worldwatch.org
Colonisation
is going on !
(e.g. right now in the heart of Africa
- from the Congo Basin where the anglo-american and neo-french
interests are at stake down to the San's Kalahari lands, where
DeBeers deals diamonds with the ruling elite of Botswana !)
Is
primitivism realistic? An anarchist reply to John Zerzan and
others
(December 1, 2005) A reply to primitivist critiques of
'Civilisation, Primitivism and Anarchism' - - One of the major
confusions in the anarchist movement in the USA and parts of
Europe arises out of primitivism and its claim to be part of the
anarchist movement. But primitivism is not a realistic strategy
for social revolution and it opposes the basic purpose of
anarchism - the creation of a free mass society. Primitivists have
attempted to reply to these criticisms but these replies are
easily exposed as more to do with faith then reality.
Why Race Matters: Race Differences and What They Mean
Book Review - The Western Journal of Black Studies - Although the question of race has been an important sociological issue ever
since the development of anthropology as a study of different human groups,
contemporary philosophy has had relatively little to say about the topic.
Interestingly enough though, three of the luminaries of Western philosophy did write
about race as if those human groups that distinguished themselves both
geographically and phenotypically constituted natural kinds in terms of temperament
and intellect.
THE
REAL STORY OF THANKSGIVING
Most of us associate the holiday with
happy Pilgrims and Indians sitting down to a big feast. And that
did happen - once. - The story
began in 1614 when a band of English explorers sailed home to
England with a ship full of Patuxet Indians bound for slavery.
Fight
for Freedom
SPECIAL
REPORT Part 1 ; Part
2 ; Part 3
Careful
decentralization of power over environment promotes democracy,
development in Africa - CAPE
TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, March 26, 2001 -- The World Resources
Institute (WRI) today urged African countries to strategically
decentralize control over their natural resources as a means of
strengthening democracy and protecting the environment. "Decentralization
in Africa is very promising but as it is currently implemented, it
will not encourage democracy, or deliver greater efficiency,
equity and environmental protection," warned Dr. Jesse Ribot
of the World Resources Institute (WRI). The WRI researcher was in
Capetown today addressing a United Nations meeting on
decentralizing local governance in Africa.
DRAFT
DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
"WE
WILL KEEP THE PAST NOT BEHIND US BUT IN FRONT OF US"
MANILA
DECLARATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON CONFLICT RESOLUTION,
PEACE BUILDING, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
- Organized
and convened by Tebtebba Foundation (Indigenous Peoples'
International Centre
For
Policy Research and Education) in Metro Manila, Philippines on
December
6 - 8, 2000 ( WORD.doc )
Joint
Submission by Indigenous organizations to WGIP 2004
PDF
OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - Joint Submission
by the following Indigenous organizations in Consultative Status
with ECOSOC: Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee), Inuit
Circumpolar Conference (ICC), International Organization of
Indigenous Resource Development (IOIRD), Coordinadora de las
Organizaciones Indígenas de la Cuenca Amazónica (COICA), National
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services Secretariat (NAILSS),
Innu Council of Nitassinan, and Foundation for Aboriginal and
Islander Research Action (FAIRA).
Bibliography
of Foraging Peoples
by Robert Lawless robert.lawless@wichita.edu
please go to: http://coombs.anu.edu.au/Biblio/biblio_forage1.html#A
Hunter-Gatherer
Bibliography
This bibliography was last up-dated on June 16, 1997
RESEARCHING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
( open as fullsite
link ! - Copyright © 1992-2003, Steven C. Perkins. All rights
reserved. ) This is a revision of a document prepared for presentation at the 1992 Annual
Meeting of the American Association of Law Libraries. It may be reproduced for
non-profit educational use if this notice appears on the reproduction. - Alternative weblink
: http://intelligent-internet.info/law/ipr2.html
!
Tribe or
Nation?
(PDF)
Nation-Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania
African History and Environmental History
William Beinart, St Antony's College, University of Oxford - Human beings are, before anything else, biological entities as Crosby reminds
us. Their interaction with other species and with the natural environment, and their appropriation of the natural resources without which life is impossible, must be a central element in history. Significant sorties have been made over this terrain in a variety of historical writing, and more so in other disciplines. With respect to Africa, environmental issues have been a perennial concern for historical and physical geographers, anthropologists, archaeologists and medical
scientists.
MARENA
RESEARCH PROJECT - Working Paper no.4 PDF
Inter Institutional Alliances and Conflicts in Natural Resource
Management - Preliminary Research Findings from Borana, Oromia
Region, Ethiopia - Elisabeth Watson, Department of Geography,
University of Cambridge
UNRESOLVED HUMAN/WILDLIFE CONFLICT
IN KENYA
- THE SOURCE OF MISERY AND POVERTY ( by GODFREY M. KIMEGA / ECOFILES - 16. Sept.
2003 ) Peasant farmers, cattle herdsmen and landowners in Kenya have suffered
heavy losses thanks to wildlife conservation policies aimed chiefly at
appeasing the international donor community.
At The Hand Of Man - The White Man's Game
Prince Bernhard and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - To attract donors, large and small, as well as media attention, Nicholson, Scott and the founding fathers of WWF wanted the royal family to lend their name. They approached Prince Philip to be president. Philip was an avid outdoorsman and
hunter-in January 1961 he had bagged a Bengal tiger in India-and he and Queen Elizabeth had been to Kenya, on a safari best remembered because King George VI died while they were watching wild animals and Princess Elizabeth had become Queen. Scott sent Philip a draft of the proposed charter. Philip read it carefully, replying that one provision was "unctuous," and another "to
wordy."....
WE
DO NOT WANT TO BECOME AND END LIKE ISHI
Ishi was the last surviving member of the Yahi tribe. He was born
about 1862. The Yahi were related to the Yana Indians who once
lived in northern California of todays USA.
World Wide Fraud
- Pandering to the Demands of Industry
All around the world, as you read this, children of other cultures are being kidnapped and forced into schools against their will and that of their tribes. People from Indonesia to Zaire are being forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands into shoddy shanty towns with poor sanitation and bad food. These people want to stay in their homelands, living as they always have; with no leaders and no civilisation; hunting and
gathering.
Cui Bono ? or The Policy of
Segregation
subtitle: FENCES KILL SENSES,
RESPONSIBILITY AND RESPECT - a
radio broadcast as community theatre in one act -
Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya
John Lonsdale - The Journal of African History, Vol. 31, No. 3
(1990), pp. 393-421 - This article consists of 29 page(s).
Abstract - This article explores the imaginative meanings
of Mau Mau which white and black protagonists invented out of
their fearful ambitions for the future of Kenya. Within the
general assumptions of white superiority and the need to destroy
Mau Mau savagery, four mutually incompatible European myths can be
picked out. Conservatives argued that Mau Mau revealed the latent
terror-laden primitivism in all Africans, the Kikuyu especially.
This reversion had been stimulated by the dangerous freedoms
offered by too liberal a colonialism in the post-war world. The
answer must be an unapologetic reimposition of white power.
Liberals blamed Mau Mau on the bewildering psychological effects
of rapid social change and the collapse of orderly tribal values.
Africans must be brought more decisively through the period of
transition from tribal conformity to competitive society, to play
a full part in a multi-racial future dominated by western culture;
this would entail radical economic reforms. Christian
fundamentalists saw Mau Mau as collective sin, to be overcome by
individual confession and conversion. More has been read into
their rehabilitating mission in the detention camps than is
warranted, since they had no theology of power. The whites with
decisive power were the British military. They saw the emergency
as a political war which needed political solutions, for which
repression, social improvement and spiritual revival were no
substitute. They, and the 'hard-core' Mau Mau detainees at Hola
camp who thought like them, cleared the way for the peace. This
was won not by any of the white constructions of the rising but by
Kenyatta's Kikuyu political thought, which inspired yet
criminalised Mau Mau.
Interrogating Rock Art
Interpretation: A Theoretical Perspective
(22.08.2008) By Job Amupanda - Generally rock art can be
defined as figures pecked or painted on rocks. It can be
categorised in two ways in terms of their description, namely
pictographs and petroglyphs. Pictographs entails design painted on
stone surface while pictoglyphs is the design pecked or incised on
stone surface.
ABOUT THE OGIEK IN FRENCH
LANGUAGE
Le triste cas des Ogiek
(dimanche 27 mai 2007) Ecrit par Julio - A l’heure où les mots
Intégration et Unité nationale sont à la mode, qu’en est-il dans
une société anonyme aux yeux des Européens : le paisible Kenya et
sa mosaïque multiethnique. La réalité n’est pas dans les guides
touristiques...
PDF`s about the Ogieks in french
language: (PDF)
Espoir pour les Ogiek du Kenya (8 Kb - Ik n° 38 - 2000/12 - Hervé Valentin)
Défense des terres ancestrales des Ogiek du Kenya (16 Kb - Ik n° 36 - 2000/06 - Hervé Valentin)
Les Ogiek menacés d'expulsion (34 Kb - Ik n° 34 - 1999/12 - Hervé Valentin)
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